| |
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| Kinds of Food |
| nourishing (adj.) |
food that is nourishing makes you strong and healthy |
поживна |
| nutritional value |
the importance or usefulness food that help you to stay healthy |
харчова цінність |
| cuisine |
a particular style of cooking |
кухня |
| famine |
a situation in which a large number of people have little or |
голод |
| |
no food for a long time and many people die |
|
| gluttony |
the bad habit of eating and drinking too much |
обжерливість |
| fatty food |
containing a lot of fat |
жирна їжа |
| high/medium-fat |
containing much or average amount of fat |
вис./сер. жирності |
| fattening (adj.) |
likely to make you fat |
жирна |
| vegetarian |
someone who does not eat meat or fish |
вегетаріанець |
| vegan |
someone who does not eat any animal products at all, |
строгий |
| |
such as meat, fish, eggs, cheese, or milk |
вегетаріанець |
| potluck |
a meal in which everyone who is invited brings something to eat |
спільний стіл |
| |
one of several natural substances that exist in food |
|
| protein |
such as meat, eggs, and beans, and which your body |
білок |
| |
needs in order to grow and remain strong and healthy |
|
| a snack |
a small amount of food that is eaten between main meals |
легка закуска |
| |
or instead of a meal |
|
| to have a snack |
to eat a small amount of food |
перекусити |
| to bite |
to use your teeth to cut, crush, or chew something |
кусати |
| to get a bite |
to have a short meal |
перекусити |
| to chew |
to bite food several times before swallowing it |
жувати |
| to consume |
to eat or drink something |
пити/їсти |
| to take in |
to provide oneself with some extra food |
запасатися |
| fast food |
food such as hamburgers which is prepared quickly and |
швидка їжа |
| |
that you can take away with you |
|
| junk food |
food that is not healthy, for example because it contains |
нездорова їжа |
| |
a lot of fat, sugar etc |
|
| ethnic food |
food from countries that are far away, which seems |
національні |
| |
very different and unusual |
страви |
| health food |
food that contains only natural substances, and that is |
здорова їжа |
| |
good for your health |
|
| to be thirsty |
to feel that you want or need a drink |
бути спраглим |
| to starve |
to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat |
голодати |
| to be fed up |
to be annoyed or bored, and wanting something to change |
бути ситим по горло |
| to gulp down |
to swallow large quantities of food or drink quickly |
жлуктати |
| to polish off |
to finish food quickly or easily |
швидко поїсти |
| take away food |
if you buy food to take away, you buy cooked food from |
їжа на винос |
| |
a restaurant and take it outside to eat it somewhere else |
|
| meals-on-wheels |
a service run by the government in Britain in which hot meals |
доставка їжі бідним |
| |
are taken to old or sick people in their homes |
на дом |
| processed food |
processed food has substances added to it before it is sold, |
оброблена |
| |
in order to preserve it, improve its colour etc |
|
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| Shopping |
| confectionery |
sweets, chocolates etc |
солодощі |
| delicatessen |
a shop that sells high quality cheeses, salads, meats etc |
гастрономія |
| candy |
a sweet food made from sugar or chocolate |
цукерка |
| ice cream |
a frozen sweet food made of milk, cream, and sugar, with fruit, |
морозиво |
| |
nuts, chocolate etc sometimes added to it |
|
| vanilla (adj.) |
having the taste of vanilla |
ванільний |
| chocolate bar |
a small block of chocolate |
шоколадка |
| baker's / bakery |
a place where bread and cakes are baked, or a shop |
булочна |
| |
where they are sold |
|
| flour |
a powder that is made by crushing wheat or other grain and |
мука |
| |
is used for making bread, cakes etc |
|
| biscuit |
a small thin dry cake that is usually sweet and made for |
печиво |
| |
one person to eat |
|
| pastry |
a mixture of flour, butter, and milk or water, used to make |
тісто |
| |
the outer part of baked foods such as pies |
|
| puff pastry |
light pastry with a soft mixture inside |
листкове тісто |
| roll |
a small round loaf of bread for one person |
булочка, рулет |
| scone |
a small round cake, sometimes containing dried fruit, |
коржик |
| |
which is usually eaten with butter |
|
| shortbread |
a hard, sweet biscuit made with a lot of butter |
пісочне печиво |
| sponge cake |
a light cake made from flour, sugar, butter and eggs |
бісквіт |
| gingerbread |
a heavy sweet cake or a biscuit with ginger in it |
імбірний пряник |
| wholemeal bread |
wholemeal bread uses all of the grain, including the outer layer |
висівковий хліб |
| stale bread |
bread or cake that is stale is no longer fresh or good to eat |
черствий хліб |
| bun |
a small round type of bread |
булочка |
| buckwheat |
a type of small grain used as food for chickens, |
гречка |
| |
and for making flour |
|
| beverage |
a hot or cold drink |
напій |
| beer |
an alcoholic drink made from malt and hops |
пиво |
| strawberry |
a soft red juicy fruit with small seeds on its surface, or the plant |
полуниця |
| |
that grows this fruit |
|
| bean |
a seed or a pod (=case containing seeds) , that comes from |
боб |
| |
a climbing plant and is cooked as food |
|
| wine |
an alcoholic drink made from grapes, or a type of this drink |
вино |
| cocktail |
an alcoholic drink made from a mixture of different drinks |
коктейль |
| eggnog |
a drink made from eggs, sugar, milk, and alcohol, |
напій зі збитих яєць |
| |
usually drunk at Christmas |
|
| coffee |
a hot dark brown drink that has a slightly bitter taste |
кава |
| juice |
the liquid that comes from fruit and vegetables, or a drink |
сік |
| |
that is made from this |
|
| alcoholic drinks |
relating to alcohol or containing alcohol |
алкогольні напої |
| soft drinks |
a cold drink that does not contain alcohol |
безалкогольні напої |
| greengrocery |
a shop selling fruit and vegetables |
овочевий магазин |
| fruit |
something that grows on a plant, tree, or bush, can be eaten |
фрукт |
| |
as a food, contains seeds or a stone, and is usually sweet |
|
| vegetable |
a plant that is eaten raw or cooked, such as a cabbage |
овоч |
| apricot |
a small round orange or yellow fruit that has a single large seed |
абрикос |
| blackberry |
a small black or purple berry from a bush that has thorns |
смородина |
| cherry |
a small round red or black fruit with a long thin stem and |
вишня |
| |
a stone in the middle |
|
| |
the large brown seed of a tropical tree, which has a hard shell |
|
| coconut |
containing white flesh that you can eat and a milky liquid |
кокос |
| |
that you can drink |
|
| currant |
a small dried grape used especially in baking cakes |
родзинка |
| grape |
one of a number of small round green or purple fruits |
виноград |
| |
that grow together on a vine |
|
| lime |
a small juicy green fruit with a sour taste |
лайм |
| melon |
a large round fruit with sweet juicy flesh |
диня |
| orange |
a round fruit that has a thick orange skin and is |
апельсин |
| |
divided into parts inside |
|
| peach |
a round juicy fruit that has a soft yellow or red skin and a large, |
персик |
| |
hard seed in the centre, or the tree that this fruit grows on |
|
| pear |
a sweet juicy fruit that has a round base and is thinner |
груша |
| |
near the top, or the tree that produces this fruit |
|
| pineapple |
a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicy yellow flesh |
ананас |
| plum |
a small round juicy fruit which is dark red, purple, or yellow and |
слива |
| |
has a single hard seed, or the tree that produces this fruit |
|
| raspberry |
a soft sweet red berry, or the bush that this berry grows on |
малина |
| Brussels sprout |
a small round green vegetable that looks like a small cabbage |
брюсельська капуста |
| cabbage |
a large round vegetable with thick green or purple leaves |
капуста |
| carrot |
a long pointed orange vegetable that grows under the ground |
морква |
| cauliflower |
a vegetable with green leaves around a firm white centre |
цвітна капуста |
| celery |
a vegetable with long pale green stems that you can eat cooked |
сельдерей |
| |
or uncooked |
|
| dill |
a type of herb |
кріп |
| garlic |
a plant like a small onion, used in cooking to give a strong taste |
часник |
| lettuce |
a round vegetable with thin green leaves eaten raw in salads |
салат-латук |
| radish |
a small vegetable whose red or white root is eaten raw and |
редис |
| |
has a strong spicy taste |
|
| mushroom |
one of several kinds of fungus with stems and round tops, |
гриб |
| |
some of which can be eaten |
|
| onion |
a round white vegetable with a brown, red, or white skin |
лук |
| |
and many layers |
|
| paprika |
a red powder made from a type of sweet pepper, used for |
паприка |
| |
giving a slightly hot taste to meat and other food |
|
| parsley |
a curly-leaved herb, used in cooking or as decoration on food |
петрушка |
| pea |
a round green seed that is cooked and eaten as a vegetable, |
горошок |
| |
or the plant on which these seeds grow |
|
| spinach |
a vegetable with large dark green leaves |
шпінат |
| squash |
one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and |
гарбуз |
| |
hard skins, such as pumpkins |
|
| butcher's |
a shop where you can buy meat |
м’ясний магазин |
| frozen food |
frozen food has been stored at a very low temperature |
заморожена їжа |
| |
in order to preserve it |
|
| veal |
the meat of a calf (=a young cow) |
телятина |
| venison |
the meat of a deer |
оленина |
| meat |
the flesh of animals and birds eaten as food |
м’ясо |
| poultry |
meat from birds such as chickens and ducks |
птиця |
| beef |
the meat from a cow |
яловичина |
| chicken |
the meat from this bird eaten as food |
курятина |
| duck |
the meat of a duck used as food |
утятина |
| goose |
the cooked meat of this bird |
гусятина |
| ham |
the upper part of a pig's leg, or the meat from this that has been |
окорок |
| |
preserved with salt or smoke |
|
| kidney |
one of the two organs in animals lower back used as food |
нирка |
| lamb |
the meat of a young sheep |
молода баранина |
| liver |
a large organ in animals body used as food |
печінка |
| pork |
the meat from pigs |
свинина |
| lard |
white fat from pigs that is used in cooking |
сало |
| turkey |
the meat from a turkey eaten as food |
індичатина |
| fishmonger's |
a shop that sells fish |
рибний магазин |
| seafood |
animals from the sea that you can eat, for example shellfish |
морепродукти |
| cod |
the white flesh of a cod, eaten as food |
тріска |
| haddock |
a fish that lives in northern seas and is often used as food |
пікша |
| herring |
a long thin silver sea fish that can be eaten |
сельдь |
| mackerel |
a sea fish that has oily flesh and a strong taste |
скумбрія |
| oysters |
a type of shellfish that can be eaten cooked or uncooked, |
устриця |
| |
and that produces a jewel called a pearl |
|
| prawn |
a small pink shellfish that can be eaten |
креветка |
| shrimp |
a small sea creature that you can eat, which has ten legs |
креветка |
| |
and a soft shell |
|
| salmon |
a large fish with silver skin and pink flesh that lives in the sea |
лосось |
| |
but swims up rivers to lay its eggs and is often eaten as food |
|
| trout |
a common river-fish, often used for food, or the flesh of this fish |
форель |
| tuna |
a large sea fish caught for food |
тунець |
| lobster |
a sea animal with eight legs, a shell, and two large claws |
лобстер |
| dairy products |
milk, butter, cheese etc |
молочні продукти |
| cottage cheese |
soft white cheese made from sour milk |
сир (творог) |
| cream cheese |
a type of soft white smooth cheese |
вершковий сир |
| skim (med) milk |
milk that has had all the fat and cream removed from it |
знежирене молоко |
| yoghurt |
a thick liquid food that tastes slightly sour and is made from |
йогурт |
| |
milk, or an amount of this food |
|
| sour cream |
cream that has been made thicker by adding a type of bacteria |
кисле молоко |
| margarine |
a yellow substance similar to butter but made from vegetable |
маргарин |
| |
or animal fats, which you eat with bread or use for cooking |
|
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| Restaurant |
| menu |
a list of all the kinds of food that are available for a meal |
меню |
| a la carte |
if food is à la carte, each dish has a separate price |
порційна |
| starter |
a small amount of food eaten at the start of a meal before |
закуска |
| |
the main part |
|
| appetizer |
a small dish that you eat at the beginning of a meal |
закуска |
| main course |
the main part of a meal |
основні страви |
| dessert |
sweet food served after the main part of a meal |
десерт |
| tasty |
food that is tasty has a good taste, but is not sweet |
смачна |
| appetite |
a desire for food |
апетит |
| aftertaste |
a taste that stays in your mouth after you have eaten |
привкус |
| |
or drunk something |
|
| delicious |
very pleasant to taste or smell |
дуже смачна |
| dish |
food cooked or prepared in a particular way as a meal |
страва |
| high tea |
a meal of cold food, cakes etc eaten in the early evening |
вечеря |
| regular meals |
meals with the same amount of time in between |
регулярне харчування |
| lunch |
a meal eaten in the middle of the day |
другий сніданок |
| headwaiter |
the person in charge of a group of waiters |
метрдотель |
| to order |
to ask for food or a drink in a restaurant, bar etc |
замовити |
| to serve |
to give someone food or drink, especially as part of a meal or |
обслуговувати |
| |
in a restaurant, bar etc |
|
| to have a second |
to have the second amount of food that someone gives you |
мати добавку |
| helping |
or that you take |
|
| to help oneself |
to offer sb taking some of what they want, without |
пропонувати |
| to sth |
asking permission - used especially when offering food |
|
| diner |
someone who is eating |
той, хто їсть |
| to eat out |
to eat in a restaurant instead of at home |
їсти не вдома |
| to go Dutch |
to share the cost of a meal in a restaurant |
ділити витрати |
| chef |
a skilled cook, especially the main cook in a hotel or restaurant |
шеф-повар |
| |
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| Cooking & Diet |
| to be on a diet |
to have a limited range and amount of food that you eat |
бути на дієті |
| |
when you want to get thinner |
|
| to slave over |
to cook very hard with little time to rest |
багато готувати |
| a hot stove |
|
|
| bacon and eggs |
eggs fried in a pan with bacon (usually eaten for breakfast) |
яєчня з беконом |
| barbecue |
a meal or party during which food is cooked on a metal frame |
шашлики |
| |
over a fire and eaten outdoors |
|
| meat loaf |
meat that has been cut into very small pieces, |
буженина |
| |
pressed together, and baked |
|
| sausage |
a small tube of skin filled with a mixture of meat, spices etc, |
сосиска |
| |
eaten hot or cold after it has been cooked |
|
| yolk |
the yellow part in the centre of an egg |
жовток |
| steak |
good quality beef, or a large thick piece of any |
вирізка |
| |
good quality red meat |
|
| to season |
to add salt, pepper etc to food you are cooking |
заправляти |
| to stuff |
to fill a chicken, pepper etc with a mixture of bread or rice, |
шпигувати |
| |
onion etc before cooking it |
|
| to whip |
to mix cream or the clear part of an egg very hard |
збивати |
| |
until it becomes stiff |
|
| to marinate |
to put meat or fish in a marinade, or to be left in |
маринувати |
| |
a marinade for some time |
|
| to grate |
to rub cheese, vegetables etc against a rough or sharp surface |
терти |
| |
in order to break them into small pieces |
|
| seasoning |
salt, pepper, spices etc that give food a more interesting taste |
приправи |
| condiment |
a powder or liquid, such as salt or ketchup, that you use |
приправа |
| |
to give a special taste to food |
|
| sauce |
a thick cooked liquid that is served with food to give it |
соус |
| |
a particular taste |
|
| jacket potato |
a potato baked with its skin on |
запечена картопля |
| ravioli |
small pasta squares filled with meat or cheese |
пельмені равіолі |
| dough |
a mixture of flour and water ready to be baked into |
тісто |
| |
bread, pastry etc |
|
| doughnut |
a small round cake, often in the form of a ring |
пончик |
| batter |
a mixture of flour, eggs, milk etc, used in cooking |
рідке тісто |
| |
and for making bread, cakes etc |
|
| cereal |
a breakfast food made from grain and usually eaten with milk |
каша |
| noodles |
long thin pieces of food made from a mixture of flour, water, |
локшина |
| |
and eggs, usually cooked in soup or boiling water |
|
| pasta |
an Italian food made from flour, eggs, and water |
паста (макаронні |
| |
and cut into various shapes, usually eaten with a sauce |
вироби) |
| macaroni |
a type of pasta in the shape of small tubes |
макарони |
| tart |
a pie without a top on it, containing something sweet |
тістечко |
| apple-pie |
apples baked inside a pastry covering |
яблучний пиріг |
| toast |
bread that has been heated so that it is brown on both sides |
тост |
| |
and no longer soft |
|
| pizza |
a food made of thin flat round bread, baked with tomato, |
піца |
| |
cheese, and sometimes vegetables or meat on top |
|
| hamburger |
a flat round piece of finely cut beef which is cooked |
гамбургер |
| |
and eaten in a bread bun |
|
| submarine |
growing under the sea |
водорості |
| sandwich |
two pieces of bread with cheese, meat, vegetables, |
бутерброд |
| |
cooked egg, etc between them |
|
| pudding |
a hot/cold sweet dish, made from cake, rice, bread etc |
пудінг |
| |
with fruit, milk or other sweet things added |
|
| pancake |
a thin flat round cake made from flour, milk, and eggs, |
млинець |
| |
that has been cooked in a flat pan and is eaten hot |
|
| to bake |
to cook something using dry heat, in an oven |
пекти |
| to blend |
to thoroughly mix together soft or liquid substances |
перемішувати |
| |
to form a single smooth substance |
|
| to boil |
to cook something in boiling water |
варити |
| to casserole |
to cook food in a casserole (a deep covered dish used for |
запікати |
| |
cooking food in an oven) |
|
| to stew |
to cook something slowly in liquid |
тушкувати |
| to chop |
to cut something into smaller pieces |
нарізати |
| to cook |
to prepare food for eating by using heat |
готувати |
| |
if you grill something, or if it grills, you cook it by putting it |
|
| to grill |
on a flat metal frame with bars across it, |
підсмажити |
| |
above or below strong direct heat |
|
| to mash |
to crush food that has been cooked until it is soft and smooth |
м’яти |
| to peel |
to remove the skin from fruit or vegetables |
обчищати |
| to roast |
to cook something, such as meat, in an oven or over a fire, |
смажити |
| |
or to cook in this way |
|
| to simmer |
to boil gently, or to cook something slowly by boiling it gently |
проварювати |
| to steam |
to cook something in steam (the hot mist that water produces |
пропарювати |
| |
when it is boiled) |
|
| dressing |
a mixture of liquids, usually oil and vinegar, |
приправа |
| |
that you put on salad or raw vegetables |
|
| gravy |
a sauce made from the juice that comes from meat |
підлива |
| |
as it cooks, mixed with flour and water |
|
| mayonnaise |
a thick white sauce, made of raw egg yolks and oil, |
майонез |
| |
often eaten on sandwiches or salad |
|
| mustard |
a yellow sauce with a strong taste, eaten especially with meat |
гірчиця |
| catsup/ketchup |
a thick cold red tomato sauce that you put on food |
кетчуп |
| herbs |
small plants that are used to improve the taste of food |
трави |
| spices |
a type of powder or seed, taken from plants, that you |
спеції |
| |
put into food you are cooking to give it a special taste |
|
| spicy |
food that is spicy has a pleasantly strong taste, |
гостра |
| |
and gives you a pleasant burning feeling in your mouth |
|
| pepper |
a powder that is used to add a hot taste to food |
перець |
| chilli |
a small thin red or green pepper with a very strong hot taste |
перець чілі |
| cinnamon |
a sweet-smelling brown substance used for giving |
кориця |
| |
a special taste to cakes and other sweet foods |
|
| curry |
a spicy Indian sauce |
карі |
| ginger |
a root with a very strong hot taste, or the powder made |
імбир |
| |
from this root, that is used in cooking |
|
| nutmeg |
a brown powder made from the seed of a tropical tree, |
мускат |
| |
which is used as a spice |
|
| vinegar |
a sour-tasting liquid made from malt or wine that is used |
оцет |
| |
to improve the taste of food or to preserve it |
|
| cookery book |
a book that tells you how to prepare and cook food |
куховарська книга |
| edible |
can be eaten |
їстівний |
| eatable |
in a good enough condition to be eaten |
їстівний |
| deep fried |
cooked under the surface of hot fat or oil |
смажений в олії |
| overcook |
to cook food for too long |
переготувати |
| undercook |
to cook food for not long enough |
недоготувати |
| rare / medium / |
meat that is rare has only been cooked for a short time and |
недоготоване / |
| well done |
is still red / meat that is medium or medium rare is |
майже готове / |
| |
partly cooked but still slightly pink inside / meat that is well-done |
готове |
| |
has been cooked thoroughly |
|
| hard-boiled eggs |
a hard-boiled egg has been boiled until it becomes solid |
круто зварені яйця |
| soft-boiled eggs |
an egg that is soft-boiled is boiled long enough for the white part |
рідко зварені яйця |
| |
to become solid, but the yellow part in the centre is still liquid |
|
| scrambled eggs |
eggs cooked in a pan after the white and yellow parts |
яєчня, омлет |
| |
have been mixed together |
|
| hot |
food that tastes hot has a burning taste because it contains |
гостра |
| |
strong spices |
|
| ingredient |
one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish |
інгридієнт |
| recipe |
a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food |
рецепт |
| bitter |
having a sharp strong taste like black coffee without sugar |
гіркий |
| sour |
having a sharp acid taste, like the taste of a lemon or a fruit |
кислий |
| |
that is not ready to be eaten |
|
| sweet |
containing or having a taste like sugar |
солодкий |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| Kitchen |
| dishwasher |
a machine that washes dishes |
посудомийка |
| sink |
a large open container that you fill with water and use for |
мийка |
| |
washing yourself, washing dishes etc |
|
| dishcloth |
a cloth used for washing dishes |
тряпка для посуду |
| food processor |
a piece of electrical equipment used to prepare food by |
електричний |
| |
cutting and mixing it |
комбайн |
| fridge |
a large piece of electrical kitchen equipment, used for |
холодильник |
| |
keeping food and drinks cool |
|
| freezer |
a large piece of electrical kitchen equipment in which food |
морозильна камера |
| |
can be stored at very low temperatures for a long time |
|
| bin |
a container for putting waste in |
відро для сміття |
| microwave oven |
a type of oven that cooks food very quickly using very short |
мікрохвильова піч |
| |
electric waves instead of heat |
|
| tin opener |
a tool for opening tins of food |
консервний ніж |
| corkscrew |
a tool made of twisted metal that you use to pull a cork |
штопор |
| |
out of a bottle |
|
| chopping board |
a large piece of wood or plastic that you cut meat or |
дошка для |
| |
vegetables on when you are cooking |
нарізання |
| breadboard |
a wooden board on which you cut bread |
дошка для |
| casserole dish |
a deep covered dish used for cooking food in an oven |
нарізання хліба |
| saucepan |
a deep round metal container with a handle that is |
каструля |
| |
used for cooking |
|
| frying pan |
a round flat pan with a long handle, used for frying food |
сковорода |
| grater |
a tool used for grating food |
терка |
| carving knife |
a large knife used for cutting large pieces of meat |
ніж для м’яса |
| meat/coffee grinder |
a machine that cuts meat into very small pieces by forcing it |
м’ясорубка |
| |
through small holes/a small machine that crushes coffee beans |
кофемолка |
| electric deep fryer |
an electric big deep pan for frying food |
фритюрниця |
| peeler |
a knife for removing the skin from fruit or vegetables |
ніж для чищення |
| food mixer |
a piece of equipment used to mix food |
міксер |
| kettle |
a container with a lid, a handle, and a spout, used for |
чайник |
| |
boiling and pouring water |
|
| teapot |
a container for making and serving tea, which has |
чайник для заварки |
| |
a handle and a spout |
|
| blender |
an electric machine that you use to mix liquids and |
блендер |
| |
soft foods together |
|
| garlic press |
a tool used to crush garlic |
часникочавилка |
| stool |
a seat that has three or four legs, but no back or arms |
табурет |